The Airline Passengers' Bill of Rights

Flying can be an exciting adventure, but it can also be stressful when things don’t go as planned. Delayed flights, sudden cancellations, lost baggage — these are the travel nightmares that no one wants to deal with. The good news? You have rights. Governments and airline regulators worldwide have put rules in place to protect passengers.

Understanding laws such as the Airline Passengers’ Bill of Rights or the Montreal Convention can make a huge difference in how you handle travel disruptions. Depending on the scenario, you may be eligible for compensation, a rebooking, or even a refund if your flight is significantly delayed or canceled. There’s a lot of information to unpack, but that’s why we’re here to break it down for you. Knowing your rights can help you save time, money, and countless headaches.

The Right to Be Informed

Ever been stranded at an airport with no idea what’s happening with your flight? Airlines are actually required to keep you informed about any major changes, including delays, cancellations, and gate changes. In places like the European Union, laws like EU 261 require airlines to communicate updates as soon as they know about a delay. In the U.S., airlines must also notify passengers, though compensation for delays depends more on the airline’s individual policy.

To make sure you never miss an important update on your flight, always provide your airline with the most accurate contact information when booking your flight. Download the airline’s app and enable notifications for real-time flight updates. And if you’re at the airport and suspect something’s up but haven’t heard anything, head to the airline counter and ask. Sometimes, being proactive can give you a leg up in securing a better alternative, like a rerouted flight or an earlier rebooking.

Delays and Cancellations

When a flight is canceled or delayed, many travelers assume they have to accept whatever the airline offers — but that’s not always the case. In the European Union, if your flight is delayed by more than two hours, you may be eligible for compensation between €250 and €600, depending on flight distance. If your flight gets canceled and you weren’t notified at least 14 days in advance, you could also be eligible for compensation.

Things work a bit differently in the United States. Compensation for delays varies by airline, but if you’re bumped from a flight due to overbooking, you may be eligible for compensation. The amount depends on how long you’re delayed in reaching your final destination. Some airlines also offer vouchers for delays or cancellations — it never hurts to ask. If you find yourself stuck due to a delay or cancellation, don’t hesitate to check with an airline representative about your options. Keeping your receipts for any unexpected expenses while waiting could also help you get reimbursed later.

Baggage Protection

Losing a bag can be frustrating, but there are protections in place to make sure you’re not left stranded without essential items. Under international rules like the Montreal Convention, airlines may be required to compensate you for lost, delayed, or damaged luggage. If your bag is missing, you may receive reimbursement for necessary expenses (like toiletries and clothing) while you wait for it to be returned. If it’s declared lost, you could be eligible for up to $1,700 in compensation, sometimes more depending on the airline and country.

For domestic U.S. flights, the Department of Transportation (DOT) may require airlines to compensate passengers up to $4,700 per passenger for domestic flights — but you’ll need to do more research to see if you’re eligible. Always keep your most valuable items, like electronics, medications, and important documents, in your carry-on. If your bags are delayed, file a claim with the airline immediately and keep any purchase receipts for emergency items. Airlines don’t always offer reimbursement proactively, but if you ask, you may be able to get paid back for essentials you had to buy while waiting.

Seat Downgrades and Refund Rights

If you’ve paid extra for an aisle seat, extra legroom, or a higher class of service, you expect to receive what you paid for. But if a flight change or rebooking downgrades you to a lower service class — like moving from premium economy to standard economy — you may be entitled to a refund for the difference.

Beyond seating changes, passengers also have rights when it comes to flight refunds. In the U.S., airlines are required to offer a full refund if they cancel your flight and you choose not to accept a rebooking. Additionally, most airlines allow you to cancel within 24 hours of booking for a full refund, as long as the ticket was booked at least seven days before departure.

In the EU, if an airline cancels your flight, they must offer you a rebooking at no extra charge or a full refund. Always ask about your options — especially if a refund makes more sense for your travel plans than an inconvenient rebooking.

Filing an Official Complaint

If you feel an airline has treated you unfairly, you have the right to file a complaint. Before you go that route, though, try resolving the issue directly with the airline. Keep copies of all receipts, emails, and documentation related to your complaint — a written record strengthens your case if formal action becomes necessary.

In the U.S., you can report issues directly to the Department of Transportation (DOT), which ensures airlines follow consumer rights guidelines. In the EU, if an airline fails to meet compensation or refund obligations under EC 261, you can escalate your complaint to national aviation authorities that oversee airline compliance.

Extra Protections for Passengers Who Need Special Assistance

If you require special assistance when traveling, airlines are required by law to accommodate your needs. In the U.S., the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) ensures that airlines provide accessibility services such as wheelchair assistance, priority boarding, and storage for mobility aids. Similar laws exist in the EU, requiring airlines to properly assist passengers with disabilities.

For a smooth experience, it’s always a good idea to notify your airline in advance if you require special accommodations. If you or a loved one require support while traveling, make sure to research an airline’s policies before booking and confirm your requests well ahead of time.

FAQs:

Q: How do I know if my flight qualifies for compensation under EU law?
A: If your flight departs from an EU country or is operated by an EU airline landing in the EU, EC 261 may apply. Compensation depends on factors like delay length, flight distance, and whether the disruption was within the airline’s control. Airlines don’t owe compensation for “extraordinary circumstances” like extreme weather or strikes by airport staff.

Q: Can I get a refund if I cancel my flight for personal reasons?
A: In the U.S., many airlines allow full refunds if the ticket is canceled within 24 hours of booking, as long as it’s at least seven days before departure. Otherwise, refunds depend on the airline’s policy and the type of ticket purchased—non-refundable tickets usually only offer travel credit.

Q: What happens if my luggage is damaged instead of lost?
A: If your baggage arrives damaged, report it immediately at the airline’s service desk before leaving the airport. Most airlines require claims to be filed within seven days. You may be able to receive reimbursement or repairs, depending on the airline’s policy and proof of damage.

Q: How long does an airline have to find my missing baggage?
A: Airlines usually have up to 21 days to locate lost baggage before it’s officially declared lost. If found, they must deliver it without charging a fee. If lost permanently, you can claim compensation for the missing contents, up to limits set by international regulations or national policies. However, this all depends on the airline’s policies, so do your research beforehand.

Q: Can I claim compensation for delays caused by weather?
A: No, weather-related delays are considered extraordinary circumstances, meaning airlines aren’t legally required to compensate passengers. However, some airlines may offer meal vouchers or hotel stays for long delays as a goodwill gesture, so it’s worth asking.

Q: How can I avoid losing my luggage?
A: Use a luggage tag with contact information, place a unique identifier on your bag, and consider using a GPS luggage tracker. Checking in early can help reduce the risk of bags being misplaced. Always keep valuable items like electronics and medications in your carry-on in case of delays.

Is there any additional tips you have for travelers regarding passenger rights? Let us know!